Increased energy expenditure is an indirect effect of habitat structural complexity loss
نویسندگان
چکیده
The deterioration of coastal habitats cascades to the decline associated fauna by reducing trophic resource availability, shelter from predators and nursery grounds. biogenic habitat structure, such as in kelp forests, coral reefs, mangroves or seagrass beds, often causes a local increase water flow velocity wave exposure. impact this change hydrodynamics on energy expenditure animals is largely unknown. Here we demonstrate that loss beds increases current velocity, which impacts pipefishes through increased expenditure. We correlated ventilation frequency with metabolic rate four pipefish species, be able estimate rates free-swimming fish. Using hydrodynamic flume, then experimentally tested effect substrate (seagrass sand) behaviour. Ventilation was consistently higher when they swam sand substratum compared for all especially noticeable species prehensile tails (i.e. Nerophis ophidion). Seagrass canopies reduced velocities 7%–44%, overall exposure tolerated. N. ophidion, Syngnathus rostellatus typhle showed two behavioural responses currents: holding canopy, moving areas where lower bottom) trials without seagrass. Most individuals were unable maintain position 15–18 cm/s substratum. In work, reliance pipefish. Among them, ophidion highest dependence vulnerability, while S. are potentially more resilient vegetation changes. Increased thus another fishes other structural continue areas. A free Plain Language Summary can found within Supporting Information article.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Functional Ecology
سال: 2021
ISSN: ['0269-8463', '1365-2435']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.13876